ch5

char_replace.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/bash  # 如果 which bash 返回 /usr/bin/bash
+
+# 定义要替换的字符映射（中文全角 → 英文半角）
+declare -A replace_map=(
+    ['（']='('
+    ['）']=')'
+    ['，']=','
+    ['。']='.'
+    ['；']=';'
+    ['：']=':'
+)
+
+# 初始化计数器
+declare -A count_stats=(
+    ['（ → (' ]=0
+    ['） → )' ]=0
+    ['， → ,' ]=0
+    ['。 → .' ]=0
+    ['； → ;' ]=0
+    ['： → :' ]=0
+)
+
+# 获取当前脚本名称
+current_script_name=$(basename "$0")
+
+# 递归查找所有文本文件(排除二进制文件和指定文件)
+while IFS= read -r -d '' file; do
+    # 获取文件名（不含路径）
+    filename=$(basename "$file")
+
+    # 检查是否为需要排除的文件
+    if [[ "$filename" == "$current_script_name" || "$filename" == "char_replace.ps1" ]]; then
+        echo "跳过排除文件: $file"
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    # 检查是否为文本文件(避免修改二进制文件)
+    if file "$file" | grep -q 'text'; then
+        echo "处理文件: $file"
+        temp_file=$(mktemp)
+        cp "$file" "$temp_file"
+
+        # 逐个替换字符并统计次数
+        for key in "${!replace_map[@]}"; do
+            value="${replace_map[$key]}"
+            # 统计替换前的出现次数
+            old_count=$(grep -o "$key" "$temp_file" | wc -l)
+            # 执行替换
+            sed -i "s/$key/$value/g" "$temp_file"
+            # 统计替换后的出现次数
+            new_count=$(grep -o "$key" "$temp_file" | wc -l)
+            # 计算实际替换次数
+            replaced_count=$((old_count - new_count))
+            # 更新统计
+            count_stats["$key → $value"]=$((count_stats["$key → $value"] + replaced_count))
+        done
+
+        # 替换原文件
+        mv "$temp_file" "$file"
+    else
+        echo "跳过非文本文件: $file"
+    fi
+done < <(find . -type f -print0)
+
+# 输出替换统计
+echo -e "\n替换统计："
+for key in "${!count_stats[@]}"; do
+    echo "$key: ${count_stats[$key]} 次"
+done
+
+echo -e "\n所有文件处理完成！"

os/src/loader.rs

@@ -5,24 +5,29 @@ use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use lazy_static::*;
 ///get app number
 pub fn get_num_app() -> usize {
+    //获取链接到内核内的应用的数目
     extern "C" {
         fn _num_app();
     }
     unsafe { (_num_app as usize as *const usize).read_volatile() }
 }
 /// get applications data
 pub fn get_app_data(app_id: usize) -> &'static [u8] {
+    //返回第 app_id 个应用程序的二进制数据（
     extern "C" {
         fn _num_app();
     }
     let num_app_ptr = _num_app as usize as *const usize;
-    let num_app = get_num_app();
-    let app_start = unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(num_app_ptr.add(1), num_app + 1) };
-    assert!(app_id < num_app);
+    let num_app = get_num_app(); //获取应用总数
+    let app_start = unsafe { 
+        core::slice::from_raw_parts(num_app_ptr.add(1), num_app + 1)
+        //raed应用的所有地址范围
+    };
+    assert!(app_id < num_app); //检查合法
     unsafe {
         core::slice::from_raw_parts(
-            app_start[app_id] as *const u8,
-            app_start[app_id + 1] - app_start[app_id],
+            app_start[app_id] as *const u8,  //目标应用的起始地址
+            app_start[app_id + 1] - app_start[app_id], //计算长度
         )
     }
 }
@@ -55,13 +60,15 @@ lazy_static! {
 #[allow(unused)]
 ///get app data from name
 pub fn get_app_data_by_name(name: &str) -> Option<&'static [u8]> {
+    // 三查找获得应用的 ELF 数据
     let num_app = get_num_app();
     (0..num_app)
         .find(|&i| APP_NAMES[i] == name)
         .map(get_app_data)
 }
 ///list all apps
 pub fn list_apps() {
+    // 打印出所有可用应用的名字
     println!("/**** APPS ****");
     for app in APP_NAMES.iter() {
         println!("{}", app);

os/src/mm/address.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const VA_WIDTH_SV39: usize = 39;
 const PPN_WIDTH_SV39: usize = PA_WIDTH_SV39 - PAGE_SIZE_BITS;
 const VPN_WIDTH_SV39: usize = VA_WIDTH_SV39 - PAGE_SIZE_BITS;
 
+///以下的四中类型都是usize
 /// physical address
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct PhysAddr(pub usize);
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ impl VirtAddr {
     /// Get the (floor) virtual page number
     pub fn floor(&self) -> VirtPageNum {
         VirtPageNum(self.0 / PAGE_SIZE)
+        //PAGE_SIZE是4KB
     }
 
     /// Get the (ceil) virtual page number
@@ -157,6 +159,8 @@ impl From<PhysPageNum> for PhysAddr {
 
 impl VirtPageNum {
     /// Get the indexes of the page table entry
+    /// 将虚拟页号（VPN）拆解为 3个9位索引，用于三级页表查询
+    /// VPN = 0x123456 得到 [0x12,0x34,0x56]
     pub fn indexes(&self) -> [usize; 3] {
         let mut vpn = self.0;
         let mut idx = [0usize; 3];
@@ -178,16 +182,19 @@ impl PhysAddr {
 impl PhysPageNum {
     /// Get the reference of page table(array of ptes)
     pub fn get_pte_array(&self) -> &'static mut [PageTableEntry] {
+        //物理页号转换为 物理地址 PhysAddr  返回页表项数组
         let pa: PhysAddr = (*self).into();
         unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut PageTableEntry, 512) }
     }
     /// Get the reference of page(array of bytes)
     pub fn get_bytes_array(&self) -> &'static mut [u8] {
+        //物理页号转换为 物理地址 PhysAddr  返回字节数组
         let pa: PhysAddr = (*self).into();
         unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(pa.0 as *mut u8, 4096) }
     }
     /// Get the mutable reference of physical address
     pub fn get_mut<T>(&self) -> &'static mut T {
+        //范形
         let pa: PhysAddr = (*self).into();
         pa.get_mut()
     }
@@ -270,4 +277,5 @@ where
     }
 }
 /// a simple range structure for virtual page number
-pub type VPNRange = SimpleRange<VirtPageNum>;
+/// VPNRange 描述一段虚拟页号的连续区间，表示该逻辑段在地址区间中的位置和长度
+pub type VPNRange = SimpleRange<VirtPageNum>; //

os/src/mm/frame_allocator.rs

@@ -4,22 +4,22 @@ use super::{PhysAddr, PhysPageNum};
 use crate::config::MEMORY_END;
 use crate::sync::UPSafeCell;
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
-use core::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
+use core::fmt::{ self, Debug, Formatter };
 use lazy_static::*;
 
 /// tracker for physical page frame allocation and deallocation
+/// 物理帧的智能指针
 pub struct FrameTracker {
     /// physical page number
     pub ppn: PhysPageNum,
 }
-
 impl FrameTracker {
     /// Create a new FrameTracker
     pub fn new(ppn: PhysPageNum) -> Self {
         // page cleaning
-        let bytes_array = ppn.get_bytes_array();
+        let bytes_array = ppn.get_bytes_array(); //返回一个4KB的可变切片
         for i in bytes_array {
-            *i = 0;
+            *i = 0; //所有字节清零
         }
         Self { ppn }
     }
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ trait FrameAllocator {
 }
 /// an implementation for frame allocator
 pub struct StackFrameAllocator {
-    current: usize,
-    end: usize,
-    recycled: Vec<usize>,
+    current: usize, // 当前分配游标
+    end: usize, // 内存结束边界
+    recycled: Vec<usize>, // 回收的页号栈
 }
 
 impl StackFrameAllocator {
@@ -65,18 +65,25 @@ impl FrameAllocator for StackFrameAllocator {
         }
     }
     fn alloc(&mut self) -> Option<PhysPageNum> {
+        //检查recycle是否有元素
         if let Some(ppn) = self.recycled.pop() {
             Some(ppn.into())
         } else if self.current == self.end {
+            // 步骤3：空间耗尽
+            //从之前从未分配过的物理页号区间 上进行分配 并且[current,end) 要存在
             None
         } else {
+            // 步骤2：分配新页
+            //增加元素
             self.current += 1;
             Some((self.current - 1).into())
         }
     }
     fn dealloc(&mut self, ppn: PhysPageNum) {
         let ppn = ppn.0;
         // validity check
+        // 1.被分配过的元素一定 <current
+        // 2.如果在recycled里面 说明已经被回收了 不能二次回收
         if ppn >= self.current || self.recycled.iter().any(|&v| v == ppn) {
             panic!("Frame ppn={:#x} has not been allocated!", ppn);
         }
@@ -89,31 +96,35 @@ type FrameAllocatorImpl = StackFrameAllocator;
 
 lazy_static! {
     /// frame allocator instance through lazy_static!
-    pub static ref FRAME_ALLOCATOR: UPSafeCell<FrameAllocatorImpl> =
-        unsafe { UPSafeCell::new(FrameAllocatorImpl::new()) };
+    pub static ref FRAME_ALLOCATOR: UPSafeCell<FrameAllocatorImpl> = unsafe {
+        UPSafeCell::new(FrameAllocatorImpl::new())
+    };
 }
 /// initiate the frame allocator using `ekernel` and `MEMORY_END`
 pub fn init_frame_allocator() {
     extern "C" {
         fn ekernel();
     }
+    //
     FRAME_ALLOCATOR.exclusive_access().init(
-        PhysAddr::from(ekernel as usize).ceil(),
-        PhysAddr::from(MEMORY_END).floor(),
+        PhysAddr::from(ekernel as usize).ceil(), //内核结束地址 ekernel向上取整
+        PhysAddr::from(MEMORY_END).floor() //内存结束地址向下取整
     );
 }
 
 /// Allocate a physical page frame in FrameTracker style
 pub fn frame_alloc() -> Option<FrameTracker> {
-    FRAME_ALLOCATOR
-        .exclusive_access()
-        .alloc()
-        .map(FrameTracker::new)
+    FRAME_ALLOCATOR.exclusive_access().alloc().map(FrameTracker::new)
 }
 
 /// Deallocate a physical page frame with a given ppn
 pub fn frame_dealloc(ppn: PhysPageNum) {
     FRAME_ALLOCATOR.exclusive_access().dealloc(ppn);
+    /*
+    map 自动处理Option的两种情况：
+    1.Some(ppn) => Some(FrameTracker::new(ppn))
+    2.None => None
+    */
 }
 
 #[allow(unused)]