Use builtin python logging module

[Hespe]

Description

Use the builtin python logging module instead of the standard print function. This makes the logging of Cheetah more flexible, e.g., downstream users can decide were to direct the logs to.

Motivation and Context

• I have raised an issue to propose this change (required for new features and bug fixes)
  • Closes Use python logging module instead of print #449

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Documentation (update in the documentation)

Checklist

• I have updated the changelog accordingly (required).
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the tests accordingly (required for a bug fix or a new feature).
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have reformatted the code and checked that formatting passes (required).
• I have have fixed all issues found by flake8 (required).
• I have ensured that all pytest tests pass (required).
• I have run pytest on a machine with a CUDA GPU and made sure all tests pass (required).
• I have checked that the documentation builds (required).

Note: We are using a maximum length of 88 characters per line.

[Hespe]

We might want to consider this in sync with #415. Maybe the cascading warning argument would no longer be necessary in fortran_namelist.py if users could supress these warnings by themselves. Not sure though.