Add Binary Search algorithm in Python

[ayush1725]

Description

This pull request adds the implementation of the Binary Search algorithm in Python. The code is well-commented and structured for clarity and educational purposes. It performs binary search on a sorted list and returns the index of the target element if found.

Type of Change

• New feature (non-breaking change that adds functionality)

Checklist

• I have read the Contribution Guidelines
• I have followed the coding standards and naming conventions used in the project
• I have tested the code before submitting
• I have added comments/documentation where needed

Notes

This addition is aimed at helping beginners understand the binary search algorithm as part of the AlgoBook repository's collection of algorithms.