Garaga

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About

State-of-the-art Elliptic Curve tooling and SNARKS verification for Cairo & Starknet 🐺.

Garaga enables efficient elliptic curve operations on Starknet. It achieves state of the art performance by

• using a dedicated builtin made by Starkware for emulated modular arithmetic
• using a suite of non-deterministic techniques for extension field multiplication, pairings, and multi scalar multiplication to reduce the number of steps to verify results.

Garaga currently supports:

• Scalar & Multi-scalar multiplication for any Weirstrass curve, including BN254, BLS12_381, SECP256/R1, and ED25519. You can add the one you need by specifying the curve parameters.
• Pairing operations for BN254 and BLS12_381.
• Groth16 smart contract verifiers generators for BN254 and BLS12_381.
• Noir smart contract verifiers generators for ultra keccak honk flavour.

Architecture overview

Garaga consists of a Pythonic backend with Rust bindings and CairoZero / Cairo libraries.

• The Pythonic backend is here to define emulated modular arithmetic circuits that can be compiled to Cairo or Cairo1 code. It also handles witnesses generation for the non-deterministic computations, smart contract contract generation for a given proof system and elliptic curve, and calldata generation from a given proof.
• The CairoZero / Starknet interfaces are responsible for composing and calling the circuits, as well as adding all the extra logic needed to make the algorithms work (Fiat-Shamir heuristic, SNARKS verifiers algorithms, etc).

Quickstart : deploying a SNARK verifier on Starknet

Currently, only Groth16 on BN254 and BLS12_381 is supported with automatic support for json files coming from SnarkJS and Gnark.

1. Create a new directory for you project, and bring the jsons files for verification key, proof file and public inputs inside it.

2. Install the garaga pip package with pip install garaga. Python3.10 is mandatory and a virtual environment is recommended. Enter garaga in your terminal to get started.

3. Run the garaga gen command in your terminal to generate the code for the SNARK verifier given your verification key.

4. Edit the generated smart contract to fit the needs of your dapp.

5. Create an environment file .secrets following the .secrets.template file in the root of this repository, containing the Starkner RPC url, your account address, and the private key.

6. Run the garaga declare command in your terminal to declare the smart contract on Starknet and obtain its class hash. Note that this is an expensive operation.

7. Run the garaga deploy command in your terminal using the class hash obtained in the previous step to get the contract address.

8. Run the garaga verify-onchain command in your terminal using the contract address, the verification key, the proof and the public inputs to verify the proof against the SNARK verifier contract.

For more details, please refer to the documentation.

Developer setup

To get started with Garaga, you'll need to have some tools and dependencies installed. Here's everything you need:

Prerequisites

Ensure you have the following installed:

• Python 3.10 - /!\ Make sure python3.10 is a valid command in your terminal. The core language used for development. Make sure you have the correct dependencies installed (in particular, GMP) for the fastecdsa python package. See here for linux and here for macos.
• Scarb 2.11.4 - The Cairo package manager. Comes with Cairo inside. Requires Rust.

Optionally :

• pprof - A tool for visualization and analysis of profiling data. Requires Go.
• graphviz - Necessary for generating graphical representations of profiling data.

Setup

Once you have the prerequisites installed, clone the repository, and set up your development environment with the following command. Be sure to run this command from the root of the repository.

make setup

At this point, you should have everything you need to start developing with Garaga. Before proceeding, make sure to activate the virtual environment by running source venv/bin/activate.

Cairo Benchmarks

📊 Click on any section below to expand and view detailed benchmark tables with test performance metrics.

Note: Click on the test name to view the profiling image. Resources shown in the table for contracts include extra costs due to the foundry logic. Check the profile file for more details.

contracts

└── groth16_example_bls12_381_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_groth16_proof_bls12_381	245,251	12,083	61,344	597	5,325	7,504	34,856,467

└── groth16_example_bn254_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_groth16_proof_bn254	251,542	11,215	75,704	681	6,341	9,662	37,807,323

└── noir_ultra_keccak_honk_example_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_ultra_keccak_honk_proof	1,300,439	68,874	412,841	3,180	608	45,756	43,622	197,008,212

└── noir_ultra_keccak_zk_honk_example_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_ultra_keccak_zk_honk_proof	1,401,065	73,884	452,092	3,476	608	49,930	48,054	213,429,084

└── noir_ultra_starknet_honk_example_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_ultra_starknet_honk_proof	1,166,626	61,827	412,707	1,139	45,742	43,606	181,520,015

└── noir_ultra_starknet_zk_honk_example_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_ultra_starknet_zk_honk_proof	1,260,556	66,600	451,134	1,191	49,860	47,958	197,000,317

└── risc0_verifier_bn254_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_r0_groth16_proof_bn254	290,849	14,593	91,204	6,698	681	8,151	11,240	48,116,829

└── sp1_verifier_bn254_integrationtest::test_contract

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_verify_sp1_groth16_proof_bn254	269,236	13,584	91,460	2,230	681	8,167	11,264	43,312,567

garaga

└── crypto::mmr::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Sierra Gas
test_trailing_ones	549	62	59,240

└── ec::ec_ops_g2::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_ec_mul_g2	122,500	1,075	93,069	8,793	10,239	25,743,860

└── hashes::poseidon_bn254::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_run_poseidon_grumpkin_circuit_1	16,108	328	6,393	353	919	2,628,034

└── tests

│ └── autogenerated

│ │ └── ecdsa_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_ecdsa_SECP256R1	16,574	1,074	20,022	2,367	2,184	4,717,358
test_ecdsa_SECP256K1	21,452	2,084	15,629	1,810	1,592	4,544,172

│ │ └── eddsa_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_eddsa_32_64B	100,238	14,068	20,418	3,288	2,388	2,236	15,968,656
test_eddsa_16_32B	59,460	7,748	20,496	1,656	2,394	2,244	10,507,580
test_eddsa_0_0B	58,375	7,686	20,521	1,656	2,395	2,246	10,397,578

│ │ └── msm_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_msm_SECP256R1_3P	23,742	1,577	29,835	3,546	3,252	6,935,138
test_msm_SECP256K1_3P	30,945	3,088	23,194	2,707	2,359	6,656,970
test_msm_SECP256R1_2P	15,910	1,054	19,865	2,363	2,166	4,628,974
test_msm_SECP256K1_2P	20,601	2,062	15,369	1,799	1,564	4,423,530
test_msm_SECP256R1_1P	8,262	531	9,945	1,182	1,084	2,346,886
test_msm_SECP256K1_1P	10,621	1,038	7,697	900	783	2,245,724

│ │ └── pairing_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Poseidon	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_BN254_mpcheck_3P_2F_with_extra_miller_loop_result	77,448	574	59,838	681	4,505	8,043	17,364,401
test_BLS12_381_mpcheck_3P_2F_with_extra_miller_loop_result	65,720	368	45,634	597	3,501	5,901	13,815,825
test_BN254_mpcheck_2P_2F	61,456	462	33,232	607	1,731	4,702	11,575,107
test_BLS12_381_mpcheck_2P_2F	53,498	309	25,204	544	1,397	3,354	9,397,084

│ │ └── schnorr_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_schnorr_SECP256K1	21,009	2,083	15,512	1,808	1,580	4,485,542

│ │ └── tower_pairing_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_tower_pairing_BN254_3P	298,906	622	626,255	94,555	50,514	117,262,526
test_tower_pairing_BLS12_381_3P	268,002	812	544,901	87,847	37,874	100,452,202
test_tower_pairing_BN254_2P	244,049	546	486,548	73,494	38,661	91,944,672
test_tower_pairing_BLS12_381_2P	222,511	749	429,096	69,571	28,951	79,820,640
test_tower_pairing_BN254_1P	189,192	470	346,841	52,433	26,808	66,626,818
test_tower_pairing_BLS12_381_1P	177,020	686	313,291	51,295	20,028	59,189,078
test_tower_final_exp_BN254	134,382	394	207,134	31,372	14,955	41,313,664
test_tower_final_exp_BLS12_381	131,576	623	197,486	33,019	11,105	38,562,216

│ └── calldata_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Sierra Gas
test_deserialize_full_proof_with_hints_bls12_381	63,341	5,339	6,707,830

│ └── sha512_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Bitwise	Sierra Gas
test_sha512_lorem_ipsum	115,350	18,467	4,904	15,686,722
test_size_zero	43,353	6,605	1,640	5,753,770
test_sha512_size_one	43,330	6,603	1,640	5,751,330

└── utils

│ └── drand::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Range Check 96	Bitwise	Add Mod	Mul Mod	Sierra Gas
test_decrypt_at_round	317,522	4,183	397,265	14,506	59,198	29,332	94,080,916
test_hash_to_curve	29,589	1,007	4,559	12,289	422	602	10,909,849
test_hash_to_two_bls_felts	25,468	936	74	12,289	2	8	9,786,243
test_isogeny	2,938	59	878	0	51	111	425,872
test_map_to_curve	729	12	264	0	6	39	113,460
test_drand_quicknet_public_key	307	4	158	0	14	17	53,316

│ └── neg_3::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Sierra Gas
test_scalar_to_epns	6,904	929	755,430
test_scalar_to_epns_single	2,215	298	242,360

│ └── noir

│ │ └── honk_transcript::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Bitwise	Poseidon	Sierra Gas
test_transcript_keccak	91,992	8,282	3,180	1	11,633,371
test_transcript_starknet	24,448	1,397	0	532	2,803,802

│ │ └── zk_honk_transcript::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Bitwise	Poseidon	Sierra Gas
test_zk_transcript_keccak	94,677	8,626	3,476	1	12,098,519
test_zk_transcript_starknet	26,179	1,507	0	584	3,010,134

│ └── risc0::risc0_utils_tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Bitwise	Sierra Gas
test_receipt_claim	12,239	448	5,591	4,514,813
test_output_digest	4,896	179	2,230	1,802,220

│ └── sp1::tests

Test Name	Steps	Range Check	Sierra Gas
test_convert_u32_to_u128	80	4	8,280

---

🔄 To regenerate these benchmarks: Run make profile-test from the project root.

Support & How to Contribute

We warmly welcome contributions and support from the community! Here's how you can help Garaga grow and improve:

Reporting Issues & Requesting Features

• Spot a bug? Have a feature request? Check out our issues page to see if it's already been reported or to open a new issue.

Contributing to Garaga

• Interested in contributing? Please take a moment to read our contribution guidelines for details on how to get started. Your contributions make the open-source community an incredible place for learning, inspiration, and creation.

Showing Support

• Love Garaga? Give us a star on GitHub to show your support.
• Spread the word: Share your excitement about Garaga on social platforms like Twitter, Dev.to, Medium, or your personal blog.
• Join the conversation: Connect with us and other Garaga enthusiasts on our Telegram group.

Every contribution, whether it's code, feedback, or spreading the word, greatly benefits everyone and is deeply appreciated. Thank you for being a part of Garaga's journey!

Security

Garaga follows good practices of security, but 100% security cannot be assured. Garaga is provided "as is" without any warranty. Use at your own risk.

For more information and to report security issues, please refer to our security documentation.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT license.

See LICENSE for more information.

Acknowledgements

• Huge props to tekkac and feltroidprime for their initial work on provable pairing-based cryptography in StarkNet.
• Credits to Nethermind for their initial work on optimized modular arithmetic.
• Herodotus for supporting this project.
• Gnark project and team, especially yelhousni for his amazing knowledge and support.
• OnlyDust and Starkware.
• Liam Eagen and Andrija Novakovic for their support and amazing research.

Resources

• Craig Costello, Pairing for beginners
• Y. El Housni, "Pairings in Rank-1 Constraint Systems," Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2022/1162, 2022. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1162.
• feltroidprime. "Faster Extension Field multiplications for Emulated Pairing Circuits." HackMD, https://hackmd.io/@feltroidprime/B1eyHHXNT.
• Liam Eagen, "Zero Knowledge Proofs of Elliptic Curve Inner Products from Principal Divisors and Weil Reciprocity," Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2022/596, 2022. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/596
• Andrija Novakovic and Liam Eagen, "On Proving Pairings," Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2024/640, 2024. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/640
• Liam Eagen, Youssef El Housni, Simon Masson, and Thomas Piellard, "Fast elliptic curve scalar multiplications in SN(T)ARK circuits," Cryptology ePrint Archive, Paper 2025/933, 2025. Available: https://eprint.iacr.org/2025/933

Note: This list is not exhaustive, and is not intended to be.

Contributors

For a full list of all authors and contributors, see the contributors page.

Thanks goes to these wonderful people (emoji key):

Feltroid Prime 💻	Abdel @ StarkWare 💻	Tarik K. 💻	Bachir Arif 💻	Renaud Dubois 💻	Rodrigo Ferreira 💻	Luiz Vasconcelos Júnior 💻
Shramee Srivastav 💻	Andrija Novakovic 💻	Liam Eagen 💻	Paul Etscheit 💻	stefanMadzharov 💻
Add your contributions

This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!